Plant lighting refers to the use of artificial light environment to replace sunlight to carry out photosynthesis of plants. The commercialization of LED plant lamps emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. Because LED lamps have narrow bands, adjustable spectral light, and energy consumption Due to the advantages of low energy and less heat production, it is widely used to study the response of plant growth to the combined spectrum of artificial light. The growth and development of plants are inseparable from the effect of light. As an environmental signal, light regulates a series of plant growth and development behaviors, such as seed germination, morphogenesis, flowering, and synthesis of secondary metabolites. At the same time, plants photosynthesize by absorbing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy, which is stored in the form of sugar, and then uses this energy for growth. Spectral analysis shows that in the seven-color light, plants mainly absorb red and blue light for photosynthesis. Trace amounts of light such as green light, yellow light, orange light and far red light are involved in other metabolic processes of plant growth. The photosynthetically active radiation available to plants is in the range of visible light. The wavelength range of sunlight covers the entire electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays to radio waves. Compared with the sun, the biggest advantage of plant lighting is its controllability. It will not change the intensity with day or night, summer or winter, rainy or sunny, and can provide plants with stable and consistent light.
The "recognition" and "preference" of different plants to light provide theoretical guidance for artificial light cultivation of plants. Sunlight is shared by all things, and there is no preference for any kind of plant, only plants can adapt to it. Plant lighting can precisely design and customize the light formula of plants for each plant or each developmental stage, cultivate plants more efficiently, and provide enough "light fertilizer" for plant growth. Plant lighting has opened up a broad and lasting downstream market for the application of the lighting industry in the agricultural field. It can not only promote the light energy utilization rate of plants, increase the yield, but also improve the shape, color and internal components of plants. It has been widely used in insecticide and other fields. Suitable and efficient plant lighting fixtures, equipped with intelligent and optimized light control strategies, make crop cultivation no longer restricted by natural light conditions, which is of great significance for enhancing agricultural output and ensuring the safety of agricultural products. LED red and blue plant lights use the ratio of red and blue lamp beads, mainly because a single LED chip cannot maturely "integrate" light of different bands on the same chip. Since 2013, LED chips and packaging technology have become more and more mature, and full-spectrum LED plant growth lights have begun to appear on the market. ratio, and the level of my country's agricultural modernization development is limited, LED plant growth lights are less accepted in China, and the use of LED plant lights abroad is also mostly used for vegetable and fruit planting in modern vertical farms.
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